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Pd

Palladium is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal that was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston, who named it palladium after the asteroid Pallas, which in turn, was named after the epithet of the goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew the giant Pallas. The symbol for palladium is Pd, and its atomic number is 46. Palladium, along with platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). PGMs share similar chemical properties, but palladium is unique in that it has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of these precious metals. Incredibly, when palladium is at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, it can absorb up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen, which makes palladium an efficient and safe storage medium for hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes. Palladium is also tarnish resistant, electrically stable and resistant to chemical erosion as well as intense heat.

The unique properties of palladium and other PGMs account for their widespread use. One in four goods manufactured today either contain PGMs or had PGMs play a key role during their manufacturing process. Over half of the supply of palladium and its sister metal platinum goes into catalytic converters, which convert up to 90% of harmful gases from auto exhaust (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide) into less harmful substances (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor). Palladium’s precious metal qualities and appearance generate significant consumption in the luxury jewelry market. Palladium is found in many electronics including computers, mobile phones, multi-layer ceramic capacitors, component plating, low voltage electrical contacts, and SED/OLED/LCD televisions. Palladium is also used in dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwater treatment, and it plays a key role in the technology used for fuel cells, which combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat and water.

Ore deposits of palladium and other PGMs are rare, and the most extensive deposits have been found in the norite belt of the Bushveld Igneous Complex in the Transvaal in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, USA, the Sudbury District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. In addition to mining, recycling is also a source of palladium, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources of palladium result in palladium drawing considerable investment interest.

TECHNICAL DATA
SymbolPdDensity (20°C)/gcm311.99
Atomic number46Melting point / °C1552
No. of naturally occurring isotopes6Boiling point / °C2940
Atomic weight106.42ΔHfus/kJmol-117.6(+/-2.1)
Electronic configuration[Kr]4d10ΔHvap/kJmol-1362(+/-ll)
Metal radius(12-coordinate)/pm137ΔHf(monoatomic gas)/kJmol-1377(+/-3)
Effective ionic radius(6-coord)/pm IV61.5Electrical resistivity
Effective ionic radius(6-coord)/pm III76(20°C)/μohm cm9.93
Effective ionic radius(6-coord)/pm II86Electronegativity χ2.2
EVAPORATION TECHNIQUES
Temperature (oC) @Vap. PressureTechniquesRemarks
10-8 Torr10-6 Torr10-4 TorrElectron BeamCrucibleCoilBoat
8429921192ExcellentAl2O3TungstenTungstenAlloys with refractory metals; rapid Evaporation suggested. Spits in EB.


Pd
Sputtering Targets
Matierial SymbolAtomic Number     Thermal Conductivity         Theoretical Density 
W/m.K           g/cc
Palladium_PdPd467212.038
Evaporation Materials
Matierial SymbolAtomic Number     Thermal Conductivity         Theoretical Density 
W/m.Kg/cc
Pd ( pellets )Pd467212.038



Below is the periodic table of chemical elements.The elements in red are the ones Nexteck's product contain. Click them, you will come to the details.

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